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the body - politic

  • 1 civitas

    cīvĭtas, ātis ( gen. plur. civitatium, Cic. Rep. 1, 34, 51; id. Leg. 2, 4, 9; Caes. B. G. 4, 3; 5, 22; Sall. C. 40, 2; Liv. 1, 17, 4; 2, 6, 5; 33, 20, 11 Drak.; 42, 30, 6; 42, 44, 1; 45, 34, 1; Vell. 2, 42, 2; Quint. 2, 16, 4 N. cr.; Suet. Tit. 8 Oud.; Cornut. ap. Charis. p. 100 P.; cf. Varr. L. L. 8, § 66; Prisc. p. 771 P.; Neue, Formenl. 1, 268), f. [civis].
    I.
    Abstr., the condition or privileges of a ( Roman) citizen, citizenship, freedom of the city (upon its conditions, v. Zimmern, Rechtsgesch. 2, § 123 sq.;

    Dict. of Antiq. p. 260 sqq.): Cato, cum esset Tusculi natus, in populi romani civitatem susceptus est: ita, cum ortu Tusculanus esset, civitate Romanus, etc.,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 2, 5:

    donare aliquem civitate,

    id. Balb. 13, 20; Suet. Caes. 24; 42; 76; id. Aug. 47; id. Tib. 51; id. Ner. 24:

    dare civitatem alicui,

    Cic. Arch. 4, 7; 5, 10; Liv. 1, 28, 7; 8, 14, 8; Suet. Aug. 40; id. Galb. 14: accipere aliquem in civitatem, [p. 347] Cic. Off. 1, 11, 35:

    adsciscere in civitatem,

    Liv. 6, 40, 4:

    ascribere aliquem in civitatem,

    Cic. Arch. 4, 6:

    aliquem foederatis civitatibus ascribere,

    id. ib. 4, 7:

    in aliis civitatibus ascriptus,

    id. ib. 5, 10:

    assequi,

    Tac. A. 11, 23:

    consequi,

    Cic. Balb. 13, 31:

    deponere,

    id. Caecin. 34, 100:

    decedere de civitate,

    id. Balb. 5, 11:

    dicare se civitati,

    id. ib. 11, 28:

    in civitatem,

    id. ib. 12, 30:

    eripere,

    id. Caecin. 34, 99:

    habere,

    id. Balb. 13, 31:

    impertiri civitatem,

    id. Arch. 5, 10:

    furari civitatem,

    id. Balb. 2, 5:

    petere,

    Suet. Caes. 8:

    Romanam assequi,

    Tac. A. 11, 23:

    adipisci,

    Suet. Aug. 40:

    Romanam usurpare,

    id. Calig. 38; id. Claud. 25:

    amittere civitatem,

    Cic. Caecin. 34, 98:

    adimere,

    id. ib.; Suet. Caes. 28:

    petere,

    id. ib. 8:

    negare,

    id. Aug. 40:

    jus civitatis,

    Cic. Caecin. 34, 98; id. Arch. 5, 11:

    recipere aliquem in civitatem,

    id. Caecin. 34, 100; id. Arch. 10,22; id. Balb. 13, 31:

    relinquere,

    id. Caecin. 34, 100:

    retinere civitatem,

    id. Balb. 12, 30:

    retinere aliquem in civitate,

    id. Lig. 11, 33:

    ademptio civitatis,

    id. Dom. 30, 78:

    commemoratio,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 62, § 162:

    nomen,

    id. ib.:

    ereptor,

    id. Dom. 30, 81.—
    B.
    Trop.:

    ut oratio Romana plane videatur, non civitate donata,

    Quint. 8, 1, 3; cf.:

    civitate Romanā donare agricolationem,

    Col. 1, 1, 12:

    verbum hoc a te civitate donatum,

    naturalized, Gell. 19, 3, 3; Sen. Ep. 120, 4; id. Q. N. 5, 16, 4.—More freq.,
    II.
    Concr., the citizens united in a community, the body - politic, the state, and as this consists of one city and its territory, or of several cities, it differs from urbs, i.e. the compass of the dwellings of the collected citizens;

    but sometimes meton., = urbs, v. B.: concilia coetusque hominum jure sociati, quae civitates appellantur,

    Cic. Rep. 6, 13, 13:

    tum conventicula hominum, quae postea civitates nominatae sunt, tum domicilia conjuncta, quas urbes dicimus, etc.,

    id. Sest. 42, 91; cf.: omnis populus, qui est talis coetus multitudinis, qualem exposui; omnis civitas, quae est constitutio populi;

    omnis res publica, quae populi res est, etc.,

    id. Rep. 1, 26, 41:

    quia sapiens non sum, nec haec urbs nec in eā civitas... non dubitavisset, quin et Roma urbs (esset), et eam civitas incoleret,

    id. Ac. 2, 45, 137:

    aucta civitate magnitudine urbis,

    Liv. 1, 45, 1:

    Orgetorix civitati persuasit, ut de finibus suis cum omnibus copiis exirent,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 2 Oud.; so id. ib. 1, 4; 1, 19; 1, 31; cf. Sisenn. ap. Non. p. 429, 15:

    civitates aut nationes devictae,

    Cic. Off. 1, 11, 35; Sall. C. 31, 1; Liv. 21, 1, 2:

    io triumphe non semel dicemus civitas omnis,

    Hor. C. 4, 2, 51; cf. id. Epod. 16, 36 and 18:

    cum civitas in foro exspectatione erecta staret,

    Liv. 3, 47, 1; so id. 2, 37, 5; 26, 18, 6; 34, 41, 1; Tac. A. 3, 11; Suet. Calig. 6; id. Tib. 17; 42:

    civitates aut condere novas aut conservare jam conditas,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12; id. Sull. 9, 28; id. Rep. 1, 8, 13; 1, 3, 5:

    omnis civitas Helvetia in quattuor pagos divisa est,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 12:

    quae pars civitatis Helvetiae, etc.,

    id. ib.:

    non longe a Tolosatium finibus, quae civitas est in provinciā,

    id. ib. 1, 10:

    Ubii, quorum fuit civitas ampla atque florens,

    id. ib. 4, 3:

    Rhodiorum civitas, magna atque magnifica,

    Sall. C. 51, 5; cf. id. J. 69, 3:

    Heraclea quae est civitas aequissimo jure ac foedere,

    Cic. Arch. 4, 6 et saep.:

    administrare civitatem,

    id. Off. 1, 25, 88:

    mutari civitatum status,

    id. Leg. 3, 14, 32; so,

    civitatis status,

    Quint. 6, 1, 16; 11, 1, 85:

    (legibus) solutis stare ipsa (civitas) non possit,

    id. 11, 1, 85:

    lege civitatis,

    id. 12, 10, 26; cf. id. 5, 10, 25:

    mos civitatis,

    id. 10, 1, 107; 12, 3, 7; 1, 2, 2.—Of Plato's ideal republic:

    si in illā commenticiā Platonis civitate res ageretur,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 230.—
    2.
    Trop.:

    civitas caelitum,

    Plaut. Rud. prol. 2:

    ut jam universus hic mundus una civitas sit communis deorum atque hominum existimanda,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 7, 23.—
    B.
    Meton., = urbs, a city (rare and mostly post-Aug.; not in Cic. or Cæs.): civitatem incendere, Enn. ap. Non. p. 429, 5 (Trag. 382 Vahl.):

    cum errarem per totam civitatem,

    Petr. 8, 2; cf. id. 8, 141 fin.:

    Lingonum,

    Tac. H. 1, 54; 1, 64:

    ab excidio civitatis,

    id. ib. 1, 63;

    1, 69: circumjectae civitates,

    id. ib. 3, 43:

    muri civitatis,

    id. ib. 4, 65; id. A. 6, 42:

    pererrata nocturnis conversationibus,

    Sen. Ben. 6, 32, 1:

    expugnare civitatem,

    Quint. 8, 3, 67; cf.:

    expugnandae civitates,

    id. 12, 9, 2:

    plurimas per totum orbem civitates, terrae motu aut incendio afflictas restituit in melius,

    Suet. Vesp. 17; cf. id. Tit. 8; id. Tib. 84 fin.; Lact. 2, 7, 19.—
    2.
    Esp., the city, i. e. Rome and its inhabitants, Tac. H. 1, 19; 2, 92; 4, 2.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > civitas

  • 2 cīvitās

        cīvitās ātis （ gen plur. -ātium or -ātum), f    [civis], the condition of a citizen, citizenship, freedom of the city, membership in the community: populi R.: donare alqm civitate: asciscere in civitatem, L.: recipere in civitatem: relinquere atque deponere: retinere: eripere nobis civitatem, obtain by force: quibus civitas erepta sit, wrested: furari: ius civitatis: communio.—A community of citizens, body-politic, state: auctā civitate magnitudine urbis, L.: civitati persuasit, ut, etc., Cs.: permota, S.: io triumphe dicemus civitas omnis, H.: civitates condere: Helvetia, Cs.: aequissimo iure: administrare civitatem: comitia tot civitatum.—Fig.: ut iam mundus una sit.
    * * *
    community/city/town/state; citizens; citizen rights/citizenship; naturalization

    Latin-English dictionary > cīvitās

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